Discussion
Why does a dipole's measured resonant length depend on its diameter?
Answer: A
End effects and the reduced characteristic impedance of a fat element mean the resonant length falls further below a half wavelength as the diameter grows, from about five per cent for a thin wire to considerably more for a tubular element. Radiation resistance changes only slightly, current still vanishes at the ends whatever the diameter, and mechanical sag is a construction matter. The shortening factor is tabulated against length to diameter ratio for this reason.
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