Discussion
The third proportional to the numbers 8 and 12 is:
Answer: C
The third proportional to a and b is b squared divided by a. For 8 and 12 it is 144/8 = 18, because 8 : 12 = 12 : 18. 21, 24 and 15 do not satisfy 8 : 12 = 12 : x. The third proportional of two numbers a and b is the number c such that a, b, c are in continued proportion, which gives b squared equals a times c. Substituting 12 squared = 144 = 8c gives c = 18.
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