Discussion
Fish belonging to species S in the deep sea have skins that are extremely black (ultra-black skin). This helps them not only to avoid predators but also sneakily attack their prey. However, having this extra layer of black pigment results in lower collagen on their skin, making their skin more fragile.
Which one of the following is the CORRECT logical inference based on the information in the above passage?
Answer: C
The correct inference is that ultra-black skin has both advantages and disadvantages to species S.
The passage gives two advantages (avoiding predators and attacking prey unseen) and one disadvantage (less collagen, so a more fragile skin). An inference that keeps to the passage must reflect both sides.
"Only advantageous" ignores the fragile skin. "Only disadvantageous ... advantageous only to their predators" contradicts the passage, which says the skin helps the fish avoid predators. The option crediting lower collagen with the advantage reverses cause and effect: it is the black pigment that hides the fish, while the lower collagen is the cost.
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