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What is a prior probability?

  • A.Belief in a proposition after the evidence has been seen
  • B.Belief in a proposition before any evidence is considered
  • C.The probability that the evidence itself will be observed
  • D.The probability assigned by a previous version of the model

Answer: B

The prior is the degree of belief in the absence of the evidence in question, and conditioning on evidence turns it into the posterior. It is prior relative to particular evidence rather than absolutely, since every prior is itself a posterior with respect to earlier information. Evidence probability and model versions are different notions. Recognising that the distinction is relative to a body of evidence, rather than absolute, avoids a good deal of confusion.

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