Discussion
What is explaining away?
Answer: C
If the alarm sounds, an earthquake and a burglary are both plausible, but learning of an earthquake makes a burglary less likely although the two are independent a priori. It is the characteristic pattern of reasoning that Bayesian networks capture and rule based systems do not. The other options describe different operations. A qualitative pattern of inference that people perform naturally, and that follows from the mathematics rather than being programmed, is strong evidence the formalism is the right one. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.
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