Discussion
Three of the following are formalisms for uncertainty. Which is the odd one out?
Fuzzy logic
Probability theory
Dempster Shafer theory
Certainty factors
Answer: A
Probability, evidence theory and certainty factors all address uncertainty about definite facts. Fuzzy logic addresses vagueness in the predicates themselves, which is a different phenomenon. Confusing the two leads to arguments in which each side is discussing a different problem. Sorting formalisms by the kind of imperfection they address, rather than by the numbers they manipulate, is what makes the comparison meaningful. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.
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