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Which independence assumption underlies the noisy-or parameterisation?

  • A.Only one of the several causes is ever active at any given time
  • B.Each cause independently fails to produce the effect
  • C.The causes combine additively rather than by logical disjunction
  • D.Noise is added to the output of an ordinary deterministic or gate

Answer: B

Noisy-or gives each parent its own inhibition probability and multiplies them, so the effect is absent only when every present cause is independently inhibited. That reduces a table exponential in the parents to one number per parent. Additive combination, output noise and exclusivity are different models. The saving is why noisy-or appears in almost every large diagnostic network built by hand.

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