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Which numerical object encodes preferences over outcomes?

  • A.The cost incurred by an agent while carrying out a plan
  • B.A numerical measure of preference over outcomes
  • C.A function measuring how useful a piece of evidence proves to be
  • D.The probability that an action achieves the goal it was chosen for

Answer: B

Utility assigns a number to each outcome so that preferences are respected, and rational choice maximises expected utility. It is defined only up to a positive affine transformation, so absolute values carry no meaning. Evidence value, success probability and cost are different quantities. The representation theorem behind it, deriving utility from a handful of preference axioms, is what stops the number being arbitrary.

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