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Which of the following statements is incorrect about recognition ?

  • A.Recognition de facto implies that there is some doubt as to the long-term viability of the government in question
  • B.Recognition de jure follows where the recognizing state accepts that the effective control displayed by the government is permanent
  • C.Recognition can only be given in express terms, that is in the form of an open and formal communications
  • D.Recognized state gets rights of suing in the municipal courts of the recognizing state

Answer: C

The incorrect statement is that recognition can only be given in express terms.

Recognition may be express, by a formal declaration or note, or implied, from conduct that unequivocally shows an intention to recognise, such as concluding a bilateral treaty or establishing formal diplomatic relations. So the claim that it can only be express is wrong.

The other statements are accepted: de facto recognition is provisional and reflects doubt about the long-term stability of a government; de jure recognition is given when its effective control is accepted as permanent; and a recognised state or government gains standing to sue in the courts of the recognising state, which an unrecognised entity generally lacks.

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