Discussion
Which one of the following describes the role of enhancers in eukaryotic gene regulation?
Answer: B
Enhancers can act at variable distances from the promoters and may function upstream, downstream, or within introns of genes.
Enhancers are DNA elements bound by activator proteins. They can sit many kilobases from the gene they control, on either side of it or inside an intron, and they work in either orientation. DNA looping brings the bound activators close to the promoter, where they recruit coactivators such as Mediator, which in turn help RNA polymerase II assemble there.
So enhancers do not need to lie immediately upstream or in a fixed orientation. They act through bound proteins rather than by binding RNA polymerase II themselves, and they are separate from the core promoter where the polymerase binds.
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