Discussion
"Amount of training (IV) leads to increased muscle mass and better muscle memory, which affects overall exercise performance (DV)." In this example, increased muscle memory is .................... .
Answer: A
Increased muscle memory is a mediating variable.
A mediating variable lies on the causal path between the independent and dependent variables and explains how the effect happens: here the amount of training (IV) increases muscle mass and muscle memory, and it is through them that exercise performance (DV) is affected.
A moderator variable changes the strength or direction of the relation between IV and DV (age or gender, for example) without being caused by the IV. An extraneous variable is an outside influence to be controlled, and a categorical variable is one measured in categories.
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