Discussion
The fact that participant's performances change when attention is paid to them, this effect is known as............................ .
Answer: C
This is the Hawthorne effect.
The name comes from the studies at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company near Chicago in the 1920s and 1930s, where workers' output rose whatever change was made to their conditions, apparently because they knew they were being studied and given attention. In research it is a threat to validity: participants perform differently simply because they are observed.
Reactive effect is a broader term for any change caused by the measurement process itself, and interactive effect refers to the combined effect of two variables. The 'Avis effect' is an informal name for the extra effort of an underdog, not for the effect of being observed.
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