Discussion
What is meant by a 'Spurious' relationship between two variables ?
Answer: A
A spurious relationship is a relationship that appears to be true because each variable is related to a third variable.
Two variables may be correlated without any causal link between them because both depend on a third, confounding variable. A classic example: ice cream sales and drowning deaths rise together, but both are driven by hot weather. Once the third variable is controlled, the apparent relationship disappears.
A spurious relationship is not necessarily illogical; it can look entirely plausible, which is why it misleads. And it says nothing about a perfect positive or negative correlation, which describe strength and direction, not the source of the association.
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