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Which of these is the cheapest retrofit measure per unit of risk removed, in most buildings?

  • A.Adding new reinforced concrete shear walls throughout the height of the building
  • B.Installing a base isolation system beneath the existing ground floor columns
  • C.Jacketing every column in the building from foundation to roof level
  • D.Anchoring parapets, cladding and heavy contents

Answer: D

Correct answer: Anchoring parapets, cladding and heavy contents

These measures cost very little, need no analysis of the structure and remove a large fraction of the casualties, since falling non-structural elements injure many more people than collapsing frames do. They are the first thing done in any programme, and often the only thing done for the majority of buildings.

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