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Which of these gives the clearest early warning that an existing building is seismically deficient?

  • A.External walls finished in plaster rather than in exposed brickwork
  • B.A flat roof rather than a pitched roof over the topmost storey
  • C.An open ground storey beneath infilled upper floors
  • D.Concrete of grade M25 rather than M20 in the columns of the frame

Answer: C

Correct answer: An open ground storey beneath infilled upper floors

The infills above make the upper storeys far stiffer than the open storey below, so almost the whole drift concentrates in the columns at ground level. It is visible from the street, needs no analysis to recognise, and has been responsible for a large share of the collapses in recent earthquakes.

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