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Discussion

Retrofit and new design differ most fundamentally in that retrofit

  • A.requires no analysis of the structure or of the seismic demand upon it
  • B.is governed by the same standard as new design in every particular
  • C.always achieves a higher standard of performance than new construction does
  • D.must work with what is already there

Answer: D

Geometry, materials, reinforcement and foundations are all fixed, and the engineer's freedom is limited to what can be added or removed. That constraint is what makes the assessment stage so much more important than in new work.

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