Discussion
Post stratification is used when :
Answer: D
Post-stratification is used when the stratum to which a unit belongs is not known before sampling.
In ordinary stratified sampling the frame lists each unit's stratum, so the sample can be drawn separately within strata. When stratum membership is only discovered on observing the unit (age group, for example, found out at interview), we draw a simple random sample and classify the sampled units afterwards. The estimate then weights the stratum sample means by the known stratum proportions \(W_{h} = N_{h}/N\).
So post-stratification does need the stratum sizes (or proportions) and the strata themselves to be known, which rules out the options saying these are unknown. Equal stratum sizes are not a requirement of the method.
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