Discussion
................... type of software designed to gain unauthorised access or to cause damage to a computer.
Answer: C
The software described is malware.
Malware is the general name for any software designed to gain unauthorised access to a computer or to cause damage to it. The definition in the stem is the definition of the whole category.
The other options are narrower. Ransomware is one kind of malware, which locks or encrypts data and demands payment. Stuxnet is one particular worm, discovered in 2010, that attacked the centrifuges of Iran's nuclear programme. SQL injection is not software at all but an attack technique in which malicious database commands are typed into a website's input fields.
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