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Assertion (A): Stepped seawalls are common on urban promenade frontages.
Reason (R): They combine wave dissipation with practical access to the beach below.

  • A.A is false but R is true
  • B.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  • C.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • D.A is true but R is false

Answer: B

Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Both are true and the reason gives the whole case. An urban promenade needs a defence that is compact, that people can walk down to the beach from, and that does not reflect so violently as to scour its own toe. The stepped profile answers all three, which is why it is found along seafronts from Brighton to Mumbai. Where access does not matter, a sloping revetment would dissipate more for less money.

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