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State whether the following is true or false.
The Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of the second law are logically equivalent.

  • A.True only at large scales
  • B.False only at small scales
  • C.True
  • D.False

Answer: C

A device violating either one can be combined with an ordinary engine or refrigerator to violate the other, which is the classical proof. They are two views of the same restriction. Either one alone is sufficient as a statement of the law.

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