Discussion
Two kilograms of water at 100 degrees Celsius is mixed with two kilograms at 0 degrees Celsius in an insulated vessel. What is the final temperature?
Answer: D
Correct answer: 50 degrees Celsius
Equal masses of the same substance with the same specific heat meet in the middle: \[ \frac{100+0}{2} = 50\ \mathrm{degrees}. \] The energy balance is symmetric, so no heat capacity value is needed. The process is spontaneous and irreversible, and although energy is conserved the entropy of the two streams together increases - which is why the mixing cannot be undone without work.
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