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Three of the following are consequences of the second law. Which is the odd one out?

  • A.no engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine
  • B.entropy of an isolated system never decreases
  • C.energy is conserved in every process
  • D.heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold

Answer: C

Conservation of energy is the first law and says nothing about direction. The distinction matters because a proposed device can satisfy the first law perfectly and still be impossible. Perpetual motion of the second kind is exactly such a device.

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