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The response reduction factor R in the design equation may properly be taken as high only if

  • A.the ductile detailing that delivers the assumed ductility is actually provided
  • B.the building is situated in the lowest of the four seismic zones
  • C.the designer has assumed a conservative value for the importance factor
  • D.the concrete grade used throughout the structure is unusually high

Answer: A

R is a credit against the elastic demand that the structure must earn through detailing. Claiming it without providing confinement, anchorage and joint reinforcement leaves a structure with neither the strength for an elastic response nor the capacity for an inelastic one, which is the most dangerous shortcut available in seismic design.

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