Discussion
S waves cannot travel through
Answer: C
Correct answer: liquids
An S wave propagates by shearing the material, and a liquid has no rigidity - its shear modulus is zero - so it cannot transmit shear at all. From
\[ V_s = \sqrt{\frac{\mu}{\rho}} \]the velocity vanishes when \( \mu = 0 \). This is why S waves are absent beyond about 103 degrees from an epicentre, and that shadow zone is the principal evidence that the earth’s outer core is liquid.
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