Discussion
An earthquake occurs at a focal depth of 10 km directly beneath a station. With a P velocity of 5 km/s, the P wave arrives after
Answer: B
Correct answer: 2 seconds
Directly beneath the station, the path length is the focal depth:
\[ t = \frac{10}{5} = 2 \text{ seconds} \]For a shallow local earthquake the P wave therefore arrives almost at once, and the S minus P interval is correspondingly short - here about two seconds, since the S wave takes roughly four. Short intervals mean a nearby event, which is the basis of the rough rule that counting the seconds between the tremor and the shaking gives the distance.
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