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An open section is far less stiff in torsion than a closed one because

  • A.Its material has a lower shear modulus
  • B.It carries no bending stress
  • C.It develops no circulating shear flow
  • D.It has a smaller cross-sectional area

Answer: C

A closed cell resists torque by a shear flow circulating round the enclosed area, which is enormously effective. An open section can only resist by the St Venant mechanism of shear stresses varying through the wall thickness, and the difference in stiffness is commonly two or three orders of magnitude.

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