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Cut-outs in a shear-carrying web, such as a lightening hole, are usually

  • A.Made square to simplify manufacture
  • B.Flanged, so shear can divert round it
  • C.Left with plain edges to save weight
  • D.Placed at the point of maximum shear

Answer: B

Turning a flange around the hole restores stiffness at the edge and lets the shear divert smoothly, and it also stabilises the surrounding web against buckling. Plain square holes at high-shear stations are a reliable way to start a fatigue crack.

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