Discussion
Assertion (A) : Universal shift register can be used to implement accumulator.
Reason (R) : Addition and subtraction can be realised using shift registers.
Answer: B
The key takes both statements as true but the Reason as not the explanation of the Assertion.
The Assertion is sound: a universal shift register can shift left or right, load in parallel and hold, and a register that loads, holds and shifts is exactly the storage an accumulator needs; shifting also doubles or halves its contents. The Reason is true in a looser sense: serial adders and subtractors are built from shift registers feeding a single full adder with a carry flip-flop.
But the accumulator is a register that holds the running result of an arithmetic unit; it is the adder or ALU, not the shifting, that does the addition, so the Reason does not explain why the register can serve as an accumulator. That is why option A is not the key. Neither statement is false, so C and D are out.
I could not find a text that discusses this exact pair, so this rests on the key and on the reasoning above, which is the usual reading of such items.
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