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A signal described in the frequency domain is expressed as

  • A.Amplitude and phase against frequency
  • B.Amplitude against time, sampled at the Nyquist rate
  • C.Power against time, averaged over one period of the carrier
  • D.Energy against distance travelled along the transmission path

Answer: A

A frequency-domain description gives amplitude and phase as functions of frequency, which together carry exactly the same information as the time waveform and can be inverted back to it. Amplitude alone is not enough, since discarding phase loses the waveform's shape. The second option describes a sampled time-domain record. Power against time is an instantaneous power waveform, still a time-domain quantity. Energy against distance describes propagation loss along a path, which is a link-budget matter rather than a signal representation.

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