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The group of clay minerals having 1 : 1 ratio of tetrahedral and octahedral components is :

  • A.Kaolinite
  • B.Illite
  • C.Smectite
  • D.Vermiculite

Answer: A

The 1 : 1 clay group is kaolinite.

Each layer of kaolinite consists of one sheet of silica tetrahedra bonded to one sheet of alumina octahedra, a 1 : 1 or T-O structure, and the layers are held together by hydrogen bonds. That is why kaolinite does not swell and has a low cation exchange capacity.

Illite, smectite and vermiculite are 2 : 1 (T-O-T) clays, with an octahedral sheet sandwiched between two tetrahedral sheets; they differ in their interlayer cations and swelling behaviour.

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