Discussion
Assertion (A): Very rapid heating during sintering can give a finer final grain size.
Reason (R): Densification and grain growth have different temperature dependences, so speed favours the former.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason is the principle behind fast firing. Grain boundary migration has a higher activation energy than the diffusion that densifies, so raising the temperature quickly and holding briefly favours densification over coarsening. Passing rapidly through the low-temperature range where non-densifying surface diffusion dominates helps for the same reason.
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