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What causes ionisation of the upper atmosphere?

  • A.Solar ultraviolet and X radiation
  • B.Cosmic ray particles arriving from outside the solar system
  • C.Friction between the atmosphere and meteoric dust particles
  • D.The earth's magnetic field acting on the neutral atmosphere

Answer: A

Short wavelength solar radiation strips electrons from atoms and molecules in the thin upper atmosphere, and the free electrons are what make it refract radio waves. Cosmic rays and meteors contribute a little, and meteoric ionisation is exploited in meteor scatter communication, but the sun dominates. The magnetic field shapes and complicates the ionosphere without creating it. Because the source is solar, every ionospheric property varies with time of day, season and the solar cycle.

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