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What is delay spread on a high frequency circuit?

  • A.The difference in arrival time between the shortest and longest paths
  • B.The time taken for the ionosphere to respond to a change in the sun
  • C.The delay between transmitting a message and receiving an acknowledgement
  • D.The spread in frequency caused by movement of the reflecting layer

Answer: A

Several ionospheric paths differ in length by hundreds of kilometres, so their arrival times differ by a few milliseconds, and any symbol shorter than that suffers interference from its predecessor. Ionospheric response time, protocol delay and Doppler spread are separate quantities, the last being the frequency domain counterpart of this time domain one. A channel is characterised by its spread in both time and frequency, and each limits a different aspect of what it can carry.

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