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Why is a small-signal model tied to an operating point?

  • A.The signal is superimposed on the quiescent conditions in the circuit
  • B.Its parameters are the slopes of the characteristics there
  • C.Its parameters are measured at the manufacturer's chosen test conditions
  • D.The bias network has to be redesigned whenever the model changes

Answer: B

Every element in the model is a derivative evaluated at one point, so moving the operating point changes them all - the transconductance most obviously, being proportional to the collector current. Test conditions are a data sheet matter, and the last option states a true fact about superposition without explaining the dependence. A linearisation is only as valid as the point it was taken about, which is why bias and signal analysis have to be done in that order.

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