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A source of \( 4.7 \ \mathrm{k\Omega} \) drives a follower with \( \beta = 150 \) at \( 1 \ \mathrm{mA} \). The output impedance is about

  • A.4.7 kilohms
  • B.31 ohms, taking only the reflected source resistance
  • C.705 kilohms
  • D.57 ohms

Answer: D

The reflected source adds to the intrinsic emitter resistance:

\[ r_{out} \approx 26 + \frac{4700}{151} \approx 57 \ \Omega \]

giving about 57 ohms. Both terms matter here, which is why omitting either gives a noticeably wrong answer. A follower divides a source impedance by beta but cannot go below the emitter resistance at the operating current, and that floor is worth remembering. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.

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