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Why does a cascade's bandwidth fall below that of its individual stages?

  • A.Each coupling capacitor adds a high-frequency pole to the response
  • B.The total gain rises and the gain-bandwidth product is fixed for the cascade
  • C.The loading between stages reduces the effective load resistance
  • D.Each stage's roll-off compounds with the others

Answer: D

Two identical stages each 3 dB down at some frequency are 6 dB down together, so the combined 3 dB point sits at a lower frequency. Coupling capacitors set low-frequency poles rather than high-frequency ones, the gain-bandwidth product applies per stage rather than to the cascade, and loading affects gain rather than bandwidth directly. Roll-offs multiply in magnitude and add in decibels, and that compounding is what shrinks a cascade's bandwidth.

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