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How can a stage have both a stiff divider and a high input impedance?

  • A.Increase the divider resistances and accept beta dependence
  • B.Bypass the divider to ground with a large capacitor
  • C.Insert a coupling capacitor between the divider and the base
  • D.Bootstrap the divider from the emitter

Answer: D

Bootstrapping drives the divider's midpoint from the emitter through a capacitor, so it sees almost no signal voltage across it and its apparent impedance rises enormously while its direct resistance stays low. Raising the resistances sacrifices stiffness, bypassing to ground would make the loading worse, and a coupling capacitor would block the bias. Feeding a component with the signal it is trying to shunt is a neat way to escape a compromise, and it recurs throughout amplifier design.

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