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What causes distortion in a small-signal amplifier?

  • A.The collector load resistor dissipating more than it should
  • B.The signal outgrowing the linear part of the characteristic
  • C.The coupling capacitors reaching their break frequencies
  • D.The bias divider loading the input beyond its capability

Answer: B

Distortion appears when the excursion is large enough that the exponential characteristic can no longer be replaced by its tangent, which is precisely the boundary of the small-signal assumption. Capacitor break points change the amplitude and phase without distorting the waveform, and loading and dissipation are separate concerns. A model's failure and the onset of distortion are the same event, which is why the small-signal condition matters practically.

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