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Which noise source dominates in a well-designed bipolar input stage?

  • A.Flicker noise in the collector load resistor
  • B.Thermal noise in the bias divider resistors
  • C.Quantisation noise arising in the coupling capacitors
  • D.Shot noise in the base and collector currents

Answer: D

At useful frequencies shot noise in the junction currents sets the floor, with thermal noise in the base spreading resistance contributing as well. Flicker noise matters only at low frequencies, divider thermal noise can be made small by design, and quantisation noise belongs to digital coding entirely. Identifying which mechanism dominates decides where design effort belongs, and in a bipolar front end it is the operating current. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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