Discussion
Assertion (A) : Social indicators are needed to find pathways through the mass of society's interconnections.
Reason (R) : They delineate social status, define social problems and trace social trends, which by social engineering may hopefully be guided towards social goals formulated by social planning.
Answer: A
The answer is both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Social indicators, such as rates of literacy, infant mortality, unemployment or crime, are statistics that summarise the state of a society. They are needed because society is a vast web of interconnections that cannot be grasped directly (A). They meet that need by showing social status, defining social problems and tracing trends over time, which planners can then try to steer towards goals set by social planning (R).
Because what indicators do (R) is exactly why they are needed for finding a way through society's complexity (A), the Reason explains the Assertion, ruling out the other three options.
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