Discussion
................. refers to benefits or services, which people receive in lieu of contributions to an insurance programme.
Answer: D
This is Social insurance.
Social insurance pays benefits to people who have contributed, often together with their employers and the State, to an insurance scheme, as in the Employees' State Insurance and Provident Fund schemes. Entitlement comes from the contributions made.
Social assistance, by contrast, gives benefits to people in need without prior contributions, usually after a means test, as with old age pensions for the destitute. Social welfare and social service are broader terms not tied to contributions.
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