Discussion
The reduction in individual effort when working on a collective task in a group, is known as:
Answer: A
The reduction of individual effort when people work on a collective task is social loafing. Each person feels that his or her contribution cannot be identified, so effort drops. Social facilitation is the improvement of performance on simple tasks in the presence of others, and 'social pooling' and 'social contribution' are not standard terms for this effect.
The effect was shown by Ringelmann in the 1880s, who found that people pulling a rope together pulled less hard than each would alone, and the name social loafing was given later by Latané and his colleagues.
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