Discussion
Consider the following statements :
Assertion (A) : In case control over independent variable in an experimental research, the researcher can directly manipulate the independent variable/s (that is, the cause) in order to examine its effect on the dependent variable (that is, the effect).
Reason (R) : In case control over independent variable in an ex-post facto research, the researcher can not directly manipulate the independent variable/s (that is, the cause) as he or she predicts the cause on basis of the dependent variable that is, the effect.
Select your answer from the codes given below :
Answer: A
Both (A) and (R) are true.
The Assertion describes experimental research: the researcher controls the independent variable directly, deciding who receives the treatment and when, and then observes the effect on the dependent variable. This direct manipulation is what makes an experiment an experiment.
The Reason describes ex-post facto research: the cause has already happened (for example, a person's gender, a past disaster or a policy already in force), so the researcher cannot manipulate it and must work backward from the observed effect to its likely cause. Both statements are correct, so options B, C and D, which call one or both untrue, are wrong.
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