Discussion
Assertion (A) : It is possible to refute or disprove theory.
Reason (R) : Theory is always irrefutable.
Codes :
Answer: C
The key is (A) is true but (R) is false.
Following Karl Popper, a scientific theory must be falsifiable: it must make claims that observation could, in principle, show to be wrong. Theories are therefore open to being refuted or disproved by evidence, so (A) is true.
(R) says the opposite, that theory is always irrefutable. A theory that nothing could ever refute would, on Popper's criterion, not be scientific at all, so (R) is false. Since (R) is false, it cannot explain (A), which rules out both 'both true' codes, and (A) being true rules out the last.
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