Discussion
In experimental research design, a researcher used (a) 'Counselling' techniques for; (b) 'crises resolution'. Identify independent and dependent variable :
Answer: D
The answer is (a) is independent and (b) is dependent.
In an experiment the independent variable is the one the researcher manipulates or introduces, and the dependent variable is the outcome measured to see whether it changed. Here the researcher applies counselling techniques (a) and looks at crisis resolution (b) as the result.
So counselling is the independent variable and crisis resolution the dependent one. Reversing them confuses cause with effect, and calling both independent or both dependent leaves the design without a cause or without an outcome to measure.
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