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'Because motive' and 'In-order-to motive' refer to ................... .

  • A.Future and Present
  • B.Present and Future
  • C.Past and Future
  • D.Past and Present

Answer: C

'Because motives' and 'in-order-to motives' refer to the past and the future.

Alfred Schutz distinguished two kinds of motive. An in-order-to motive refers to the future: the goal or project the actor is trying to bring about. A because motive refers to the past: the experiences, circumstances and dispositions that led the actor to form that project in the first place.

So the pair, taken in the order the question gives, is past and future. The options pairing either kind of motive with the present, or putting the future first, reverse or misplace Schutz's distinction.

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