Discussion
Which design abstraction focuses on what the system does, not how ?
Answer: A
The keyed answer is functional abstraction.
Functional abstraction describes a component by what it does, its inputs and outputs, and hides how it does it. The caller needs only the function's contract, not its internal steps.
Data abstraction hides how data is represented and exposes operations on it. Control abstraction hides the order in which statements execute (loops, subprogram calls). Procedural abstraction is closely related, since a named procedure hides its steps, and some texts use it interchangeably with functional abstraction, but the question's wording 'what the system does' matches functional abstraction most directly, which is the key's choice.
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