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Which of the following is a major pollutant found in contaminated soil ?

  • A.Nitrogen oxides
  • B.Heavy metals
  • C.Hydrocarbons
  • D.Mineral oil

Answer: C

The key's answer is heavy metals.

Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and mercury are the most widespread and persistent soil contaminants. They come from mining, smelting, industrial effluents, sewage sludge and some fertilisers and pesticides. Unlike organic pollutants they are not broken down, so they accumulate and enter food crops.

Nitrogen oxides are air pollutants, not soil contaminants. Hydrocarbons and mineral oil do contaminate soil at specific sites, such as oil spills and fuel stations, but they are biodegradable over time and more localised, so the standard answer is heavy metals.

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