Discussion
The solar radiation incident on a surface per unit time is termed as :
Answer: B
The answer is Irradiance.
Irradiance is the radiant power falling on a surface per unit area, in watts per square metre: a rate, energy per unit time. That matches 'incident on a surface per unit time'. The solar constant, about 1,361 W/m2, is the irradiance at the top of the atmosphere.
Insolation (incoming solar radiation) is the closest distractor; it usually means the total solar energy received over a period, such as kWh/m2 per day, rather than the instantaneous rate. 'Radiation' is the general process, and conduction is heat transfer through matter, not solar radiation at all.
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