Discussion
Assertion (A): Equality of chemical potential across phases is the criterion of phase equilibrium.
Reason (R): Any difference would allow a transfer of material that lowers the total Gibbs energy.
Answer: D
Both are true and the reason gives the argument: as long as a transfer can lower the Gibbs energy the system is not at its minimum, so equilibrium requires the potentials to be equal for every component in every phase.
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